Addressing Agricultural Challenges By Developing A New Chilli Variety

The Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (IIHR) has made significant strides in combating the detrimental impact of phytophthora root rot (PRR) and leaf curl virus (LCV) on chilli crops. These diseases, exacerbated by unpredictable weather patterns, pose substantial threats to chilli cultivation across India. PRR, caused by a soil-borne fungal pathogen, inflicts root rot, resulting in substantial annual global losses estimated at around $100 million. LCV, transmitted by whiteflies, manifests in curled and stunted leaves, causing severe yield losses for chilli growers.

Introducing New Chilli Varieties That Promise Disease Resistance

The Principal Scientist at the Division of Vegetable Crops, IIHR, revealed three hybrid chilli varieties—Arka Nihira, Arka Dhriti, and Arka Gagan—showcasing remarkable resistance to both PRR and LCV. Among the 11 hybrids developed by the institute, these varieties stand out for their combined resilience to prevalent diseases. Furthermore, it emphasized the forthcoming commercialization of these hybrids, with private seed companies expressing keen interest in adopting the parental lines. The hybrids, tailored for various market segments with medium to high pungency levels, target key chilli-growing regions such as Guntur and Warangal.

Sustainable Solutions - Embracing Host Plant Resistance

Conventional chemical controls for PRR and LCV often prove ineffective and leave behind harmful residues. These adversely affect export quality. IIHR's approach highlights the importance of host plant resistance as the most effective strategy against these pathogens. Leveraging phenotypic and marker-assisted selection techniques, IIHR developed cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CGMS) lines to create F1 hybrids using LCV-resistant male parents. This innovative approach ensures disease resistance and promotes sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, it aligns with India's position as the largest producer, consumer, and exporter of dry chilies.

In conclusion, the Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (IIHR) has pioneered the development of disease-resistant chilli varieties. It addresses the critical agricultural challenges posed by phytophthora root rot (PRR) and leaf curl virus (LCV). These innovations promise to enhance chilli cultivation across India. Also, mitigating substantial yield losses caused by these pervasive diseases. The imminent commercialization of the Arka Nihira, Arka Dhriti, and Arka Gagan hybrids signals a significant breakthrough for the chilli industry. Furthermore, private seed companies expressed enthusiastic interest in these hybrids. By embracing sustainable solutions and promoting host plant resistance, IIHR's initiatives highlight India's leadership in the global chilli market. Thus ensuring continued growth and prosperity for exporters nationwide.