Northern Region Experiences Decrease in Cotton Sowing

In the northern regions of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan, cotton sowing is expected to decline by 20 to 30 percent this year. This downturn is attributed to unattractive market prices and an increase in pest infestations. The cotton sowing season in these areas typically begins in mid-April and extends until around May 15-20.

Stable Sowing Expected in Central and Southern Regions

Conversely, the cotton sowing area in the central regions (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh) and the southern regions (Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu) is anticipated to remain stable, mirroring last year's figures. Favorable conditions, including expected normal south-west monsoon patterns and a lower incidence of crop diseases, contribute to this stability. Additionally, the availability of high-quality hybrid cotton seeds could enhance sowing prospects in these regions.

Cotton Export Dynamics and Domestic Supply

Recently, the pace of cotton exports from India has accelerated, with prices remaining attractive relative to the international market. However, challenges such as dry weather conditions, particularly in Karnataka, have impacted the cotton industry. Reports indicate a decrease in cottonseed production in Andhra Pradesh due to severe heat, affecting cottonseed demand across several states. Although there is an adequate stock of cottonseed in the northern region, delays in wheat harvesting have hindered timely cotton sowing. Notably, around 60 percent of India's cotton production occurs in the central region.

Increased Production in Punjab Despite Sowing Decrease

Despite a reduction in the sown area, cotton production in Punjab has increased. The area under cotton cultivation reached an all-time low during the 2023-24 season. Yet production of this fibrous crop significantly rose compared to the 2022-23 season. This increase is due to a substantial rise in average productivity per hectare.

Production Data and Future Outlook

According to data from the Cotton Association of India and the Office of the Textile Commissioner, as of March 31, 2024, Punjab produced 59,500 tonnes of cotton, equivalent to 3.50 lakh bales of pressed cotton. This production marks an increase from the previous year's 46,740 tonnes (2.75 lakh bales). The Textile Commissioner's Office forecasts that cotton production in Punjab for the entire 2023-24 marketing season (October-September) will reach 4.89 lakh bales, an increase of 45 thousand bales over the previous season's 4.44 lakh bales. Despite a reduction in the area under cotton from 248,000 hectares to 169,000 hectares, the average yield rate has risen to approximately 4.92 quintals per hectare.